Kho qhia cov txhaum tseem ceeb ntawm CNC Milling Machines thiab cov lus qhia kom ua tau

Cov txhaum ntawm G-Code Syntax thiab Formatting uas ua rau CNC Machining Parts tsis tuaj yeem siv tau

O/0 thiab L/1 confusion nyob rau hauv program blocks: Kev puas tsuaj rau kev saib xyuam ntawm lub tshuab thiab cov lus qhia kom ua tau

Thaum lub tswv yim li O los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog zero lossis L los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog 1 nyob rau hauv G-code blocks (xyuam koj tias cov leej twg li O1000 lossis cov lus qhia rau kev rov qab li L5), cov CNC controllers feeb tshaj plaws yuav tshwm sim raws li kev saib xyuam tsis zoo. Cov kev sib txuas no yog ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem rau hauv qhov chaw tsim kho—cov kev ua haujlwm tau txiav tawm tsis tau ua, cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv kev rov qab tsis pauv, lossis cov lus qhia tuaj siab thaum ua haujlwm thaum kawg, uas yog ua rau cov khoom tsis tau siv thiab cov khoom siv tau siv tawm. Ib tug tseem coj qhov tseem coj ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshwj xeeb tau piav tias muaj zis 23% ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev lag luam tsis raug yog los ntawm cov kev sau tsis zoo no nyob rau hauv qhov kev sau lus. Thaum xav tshem tawm cov teeb meem los ntawm cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov tswv yim, koj yuav tsum ua cov kev check thiab cov kev tswj hwm pheej yig rau hauv qhov kev sau lus...

• Tshem tawm cov font monospaced rau txhua qhov interface sau lus (piv txwv li Notepad++, Heidenhain TNC Editor)
• Sau cov kev check kev sau lus uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tswv yim uas tsis zoo rau hauv qhov kev check lub cim ua ntej
• Sau cov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb li cov cim underscore ( O_1000) lossis cov cim tom qab ( L5_LOOP) los npaj cov tswv yim ntawm cov leej twg thiab cov leej twg

Qhov R-Word tsis muaj los yog qhov tsis txaus rau kev sib piv ntawm lub cim rov ua dua: Kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov lus hais rau lub cim rov ua dua

Cov lus hais rau lub cim rov ua dua G02 thiab G03 nyob rau hauv qhov tswv yim ntawm kev ntsuas qhov radius tsaus rau raws li peb hu rau qhov R-word. Yog tias cov lej no tsis muaj los yog tau ntsuas sai, cov CNC machine yuav ua cov cim rov ua dua uas tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov chaw ntawm qhov cim rov ua dua, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau cov khoom tsis tau cov kev tswj hwm rau cov cim rov ua dua. Tsis ntev los no, cov kev xav tshiab ntawm qhov kev tsim khoom rau qhov aerospace hais tias thaum 2023, cov kev xav tshiab tau hais tias muaj qhov tshwm sim uas nyuaj siab—muaj ib leeg ntawm ob peb ntawm cov kev tswj hwm rau cov cim rov ua dua uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov cim rov ua dua yog los ntawm qhov R-value settings. Kabla ua qhov kev ua haujlwm uas muaj cov cim rov ua dua, nws yog qhov zoo heev kom peb ua kev txheeb xyuas rau txhua qhov lus hais rau lub cim rov ua dua.

1. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev ua tau los ntawm qhov radius tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws: R ≧ √((Xend−Xstart)² + (Yend−Ystart)²)/2
2. Tshuaj xyuas kev txheeb xyuas qhov cim rov ua dua hauv cov khoom siv simulation CAM (txoj kev piav qhia: Mastercam Verify, Siemens NX NC Check)
3. Tshuaj xyuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshem tawm thiab suav nrog cov ntawv tshuaj xyuam axis hauv lub sijhawm nyob

Qhov kev npaj zoo : Xyuam xim siv IJK vector notation rau cov kab laug uas muaj lub cim ntawm kab laug thiab cov kab laug uas muaj lub cim ntawm kab laug meej—tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev xam cim ntawm lub cim thiab yuav ua kom zoo dua rau cov khoom siv CNC.

Cov cai tshuaj xyuam programming CNC uas txhaum rau kev tshuaj xyuam cov khoom siv CNC

Kev siv tool offset tsis raug: kev siv length vs. radius compensation rau cov khoom siv uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj xyuam

Kuam txawj ntawm kev sib daws cov lus qhia tshem tawm rau lub dav hlau thiab cov lus qhia tshem tawm rau lub cev ntawm lub dav hlau (G43/G44 thiab G41/G42) yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej uas cov neeg siv khoom ua haujlwm yuav tsis txhob ua rau thaum ua ntsiab. Yog tias neeg siv khoom muab cov kev tshem tawm rau lub cev ntawm lub dav hlau los siv rau kev kho lub dav hlau lossis kev kho lub cim, ces dab tsi yuav dhau? Lub cim tshem tawm thiab lub dav hlau pov tseg yog cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim rau ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias muab cov kev tshem tawm rau lub dav hlau los siv rau kev kho cov ntsiab thiab cov kab laug, ces yuav muaj teeb meem loj li kev kho qhov ntev heev lossis kev kho qhov ntev tshaj tshuaj uas yuav pab los ua cov khoom tsis zoo. Thaum peb saib cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov khoom ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, cov teeb meem no yuav ua rau cov khoom tsis muaj qhov ntev zoo rau 0.5mm lossis ntau dua rau 7 ntawm 10 lub khoom, raws li cov kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Thaum peb xav tshem tawm cov teeb meem no tag nrho, peb yuav tsum rov qhia dua kom paub tias cov kev tshem tawm twg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm twg ua ntej peb khiav lub cim.

• Qhia cov kev tshem tawm rau lub dav hlau thaum each Txx M06muab lub dav hlau los siv
• Tshem tawm cov kev tshem tawm rau lub cev ntawm lub dav hlau tsuas rwa kev kho cov ntsiab, kev kho cov kab laug, lossis kev kho qhov ntev
• Kuam paub txog kev tswj hwm qhov kev hloov (offset) nyob rau hauv kev sim CAM ntawm lub cim ntawm lub rooj (native CAM simulation)—cav ua ntej qhov kev tswj hwm tom qab (post-processing) thiab qhov kev ntxig lub rooj rau hauv lub tshuab (machine loading)

Qhov kev tsis sib thag ntawm Work Coordinate System (WCS) thiab nws qhov kev sib npaug ntau dua rau hauv kev tswj hwm CNC thiab qhov kev sib npaug ntawm qhov kev tswj hwm (tolerance stack-up) rau cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm (machining parts)

Qhov kev tsis sib thag ntawm Work Coordinate System (WCS)—tsuas yog qhov kev hloov (shift) ntau dua 0.1 mm rau hauv qhov kev ntxig dua (reclamping)—yeej muaj kev sib npaug rau hauv txhua qhov kev ua tom ntej, thiab yeej muaj kev sib npaug ntau dua rau hauv qhov kev tswj hwm (positional errors) rau hauv txhua qhov ntaub ntawv (features). Cov lus nug (Research) tau pom tias qhov kev hloov (datum shift) 0.05 mm yeej muaj kev sib npaug ntawm qhov kev tswj hwm (tolerance stack-up) uas yeej muaj kev sib npaug rau 23% ntawm cov kev tswj hwm thaum cuam (final inspection failures). Cov qhov kev sib npaug tseem ceeb yog:

Tshuaj tshuaj rau qhov WCS ib qho per physical setup, txhawb kom paub tias qhov cim ntawm qhov chaw sib sau yog zoo thiab sib xws nrog qhov tshuaj tshuaj ntau yam sauv kho, thiab tsis txhob kho qhov G54–G59 hauv qhov program thaum muaj kev xav tau los ntawm qhov qhia ntawm cov khoom lossis qhov tshuaj tshuaj ntawm cov khoom.

Qhov txhaum nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsim kho cov khoom uas muaj kev pheej yuam rau qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom CNC

Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo: Tsis txhob tshem tshem qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab tsis txhob kho qhov kho dua

Thaum cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho mob (machining) tsis raws li kev tswj hwm—los sis ua cov kev kho mob thaum kawg (finishing passes) ua ntej cov kev kho mob tshwj xeeb (rough cuts), kho lub qhov rau tom qab ua cov kev kho mob uas muaj kev sib sau (contouring work), lossis qha cov kev kho mob rau hauv qhov cua (deep pocket cuts) thaum tsis tau ua kom tiav—cov khoom siv yuav tshwm sim ua rau lawv nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv (crash into each other), ua rau muaj kev sib tshuam (vibration issues), thiab ua rau cov qhov chaw sib tshuam (delicate features) ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim yog qhov uas tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tau ua haujlwm rau cov khoom siv thiab yuav tsum ua dua cov khoom siv (reposition fixtures), uas yuav ua rau qhov sib sau (positioning accuracy) tsis zoo los ntawm 0.01 mm rau 0.05 mm nyob rau hauv qhov sib sau. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv (shop floor), cov neeg ua haujlwm paub tias cov kev sib sau ntawm kev ua haujlwm (sequencing mistakes) no yog qhov uas muaj rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib sau (tolerance problems) rau 25% ntawm cov kev kho mob tshwj xeeb (precision machining jobs). Thiaj li, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj kev nco ntawm:

• Zuag cov kev ua haujlwm (workflows) los txog kev txo cov kev hloov cov khoom siv (fixture changes) thiab tso cov qhov sib sau (datums) raws li kev tswj hwm
• Siv cov kev simulation uas muaj kev tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv qhov sib sau (collision-detection-enabled simulation) (piv txwv li VERICUT, Fusion 360 NC Check) tos cov khoom siv txhua yam (any machine load)
• Zuag cov kev ua haujlwm (operations) los ntawm cov khoom siv (tool), qhov sib sau ntawm cov khoom siv (axis engagement), thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qhov chaw (feature criticality)—tsis yog raws li kev sib sau ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm (chronological convenience)

Tshuab Kev Tswj Hwm Rau Lub Tshuab: Puas li Cas Adaptive Milling tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom CNC machining uas muaj ntau yam ntau dua li 50?

Adaptive milling yog qhov zoo heev rau cov khoom uas muaj ntau yam thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm yooj dua thaum ua cov khoom uas muaj ntau yam tsawg. Qhov sib sau ntawm lub tshuab thiab cov khoom, thiab qhov rov qab thiab rov qab ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev hloov lub cim ntawm kev tshuab, yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv 15-30% ntev dua li kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov khoom uas muaj ntau yam tsawg dua li 50, raws li cov neeg ua CAM software (Autodesk) thiab cov neeg ua tshuab (Sandvik Coromant) tau ua kev sim. Thaum ua cov khoom uas muaj kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb tsawg thiab tsawg yam, kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tshuab tshuab parallel, radial, lossis zigzag yuav muaj kev tshuab zoo li cas thiab muaj kev tshuab zoo rau 3 microns roughness average, thiab yuav ua rau kev tshuab nyob rau hauv teb thiab lub tshuab yuav tsis puas ntau dua li kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qhov tseeb yog kev xaiv kev tshuab uas sib xws rau cov khoom uas tau ua, tsis yog kev xaiv kev tshuab rau kev tshuab cov khoom ntau dua li per minute.

Kev Tsis Txhawb Nkaus ntawm Cov Luj Qhia Txog Kev Pab Los Xij Hauj Lwm Rau CNC thiab Cov Risks ntawm Kev Qhia Txog Kev Pab Los Xij Hauj Lwm

Yog tias cov luj qhia txog kev pab los xij hauj lwm tsis tau siv raws li tus qhia txog lub kaum sab xis, tus qhia txog lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub cua, cov luj qhia txog kev puas, lossis cov luj qhia txog kev ntxiv ntau ntawm kev ntxiv ntau, ces yuav muaj kev puas tsis zoo uas muaj kev sib npaug rau kev qhia txog kev pab los xij hauj lwm. Yog tias peb saib lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub cua yog ib qho piv txwv: yog tias muaj kev sib txawv tsis loj heev li 0.1 mm ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ces qhov no yuav muaj kev sib npaug mus rau kev sib txawv li 0.3 mm rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tsum sib sib npaug kom raug. Thiab peb paub tias tsis muaj leej twg xav tau cov khoom uas peb qhia txog kev pab los xij hauj lwm yuav tsum sib npaug los ntawm qhov no. Yog tias peb saib rau qhov twg yog qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov no, ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau txais kev puas ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg, cov luj qhia txog kev ntxiv ntau uas tsis tau qhia txog raws li kev qhia txog kev ntxiv ntau, thiab cov kev sib txawv ntau yam uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg sib txawv lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov sib txawv uas ua haujlwm rau cov haujlwm sib txawv tab sis ua raws li cov luj qhia txog kev pab los xij hauj lwm sib txawv.

Cov kev sib txuas? Lawv qhia rau hauv cov leej. Cov cim tshem tau yuav ntau dua 15 percent raws li cov lus piav qhia hauv lub tsev nyob ntawm Journal of Manufacturing Systems thaum kub los no. Muaj kev ntxiv ntau dua rau kev tawg tawm tsis pom ntawm cov khoom siv thaum lawv xav kom ua zoo dua. Thaum ntawd muaj kev ploj ploj rau kev ua dua cov khoom tshiab rau qhov tseem ceeb vim cov khoom siv tsis raug tawm tom qab cov kev kho tshiab tau ntxiv mus rau qhov tsis raug. Qhov uas ua rau no nyuaj heev yog tias tsis muaj cov kev sib sib twb muaj nyob ntawm no tuaj yeem kho cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv uas muaj los ntawm cov lus piav qhia tsis raug. Qhov no qhia rau peb paub tias cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum muaj kev ua raws li cov kev ua haujlwm digital raws li cov kev ua haujlwm tswv yim kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej yig thiab kev loss ntawm qhov kawg.

Kev txog kev pab tshem tawm yuav tsum muaj kev ua raws li cov kev ua haujlwm: daim ntawv tshem tawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom siv tshem tawm uas tau raug tshem tawm tos txhua qhov kev tsim tshiab, txwv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj lub cim version, thiab sau rau hauv qhov kev sib txuas ntawm CAM thiab cov khoom siv kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo.